Spondyloarthritis
Spondyloarthritis, also referred to as spondyloarthropathy, denotes an inflammatory arthritis primarily affecting the spine. Predominantly characterized by low back pain, it manifests most commonly in axial spondyloarthritis, with some progressing to ankylosing spondylitis marked by spinal fusion.
Conversely, peripheral spondyloarthritis manifests as pain and swelling in larger limb joints. Enthesitis, inflammation at ligament and tendon insertion points on bones, is a common feature. Onset typically occurs in males during their teens or twenties, with an association between ankylosing spondylitis and the HLA-B27 gene.
Variants include psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, and enteropathic arthritis linked to inflammatory bowel diseases.
What are the common symptoms of
spondyloarthritis?
The primary symptom of spondyloarthritis is low back pain, often accompanied by pain, fatigue, or stiffness in the extremities. Diagnosis necessitates a comprehensive medical history review, physical examination, and potentially imaging or blood tests.
Sacroiliitis, evidenced by X-ray changes in the sacroiliac joints, is a hallmark sign. Although the presence of the HLA-B27 gene may indicate susceptibility, it does not guarantee spondyloarthritis development.
What are the treatments for spondyloarthritis?
Physical therapy and joint-focused exercises are recommended to enhance spinal extension and mobility. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) serve as first-line treatments for symptom relief.
Corticosteroid injections offer localized relief for joint swelling, while disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) may be prescribed to alleviate symptoms and deter joint damage. Biologics, a newer drug class, demonstrates efficacy in managing both spinal and peripheral symptoms.
Oral corticosteroids are discouraged, and antibiotics are reserved for reactive arthritis treatment. Surgery, such as total hip replacement, is occasionally beneficial, with spinal surgery rarely indicated.
How to live With spondyloarthritis?
Advancements in treatment afford most spondyloarthritis patients the opportunity for normal, productive lives and a standard lifespan.
Regular exercise is encouraged to maintain joint and cardiovascular health, with smoking cessation vital for smokers with spondyloarthritis.
Support groups tailored for individuals with spondyloarthritis offer valuable resources and camaraderie, aiding in education and coping strategies.
About Dr. Shalene Badhan
When it comes to managing rheumatologic conditions, empathy is as crucial as expertise. Dr. Shalene Badhan, our lead Rheumatologist and an Internal Medicine specialist, embodies both. Having been diagnosed with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis herself, Dr. Badhan brings a unique perspective to her practice, combining professional excellence with personal insight. Her journey through diagnosis, treatment, and daily management of autoimmune diseases allows her to connect with her patients on a profound level, offering not just medical advice but also understanding and solidarity.
