Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis, affecting around 10 million Americans, is characterized by reduced bone mass and alterations in bone structure, elevating the risk of fractures. It is prevalent among women post-menopause and is typically managed by primary care physicians, endocrinologists, and rheumatologists.
Various factors, including advancing age, ethnicity, low weight, family history of fractures, previous fractures, and lifestyle habits, contribute to osteoporosis risk. Certain medications and medical conditions can also predispose individuals to this condition.
What are the common symptoms of osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis typically remains asymptomatic until a bone fracture occurs, often following minor trauma like a fall. Fractures commonly affect the spine, hip, and wrist, leading to chronic pain, disability, and in severe cases, mortality.
Diagnosis relies on bone mineral density (BMD) testing, with a T-score of -2.5 or lower indicating osteoporosis. Individuals with T-scores between -1.0 and -2.5 may have low bone mass (osteopenia) and require treatment based on other risk factors.
What are the treatments for osteoporosis?
Management of osteoporosis involves ensuring adequate calcium and vitamin D intake through diet or supplements to support bone health. Weight-bearing exercises like walking are recommended for improving bone strength. Medications are often necessary to slow bone loss and prevent fractures.
Bisphosphonates, including alendronate, risendronate, ibandronate, and zoledronic acid, are commonly prescribed to inhibit bone resorption. While rare, side effects may include osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical femoral fractures. Alternative treatments such as denosumab, teriparatide, and abaloparatide may be considered.
How to live with osteoporosis?
Preventive measures to minimize the risk of falls and fractures include using assistive devices like canes or walkers, removing tripping hazards, and installing handrails. Proper footwear, avoiding heavy lifting, and ensuring adequate lighting are also crucial. Balance-improving exercises like yoga and tai chi can enhance stability and reduce fall risks.
Lifestyle modifications, including smoking cessation, regular physical activity, and maintaining optimal calcium and vitamin D levels, play a pivotal role in osteoporosis prevention.
Regular monitoring and adherence to treatment plans prescribed by healthcare providers are essential for managing osteoporosis effectively.
About Dr. Shalene Badhan
When it comes to managing rheumatologic conditions, empathy is as crucial as expertise. Dr. Shalene Badhan, our lead Rheumatologist and an Internal Medicine specialist, embodies both. Having been diagnosed with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis herself, Dr. Badhan brings a unique perspective to her practice, combining professional excellence with personal insight. Her journey through diagnosis, treatment, and daily management of autoimmune diseases allows her to connect with her patients on a profound level, offering not just medical advice but also understanding and solidarity.
